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Update

  • Post
    sofistef
    Participant

      Hi,

       

      Yesterday received the news that I hoped I would never had to hear. I had the PET CT to further evaluate the extent of the melanoma spread. Aside from the shoulder met, I have another 3 cm liver lesion and some other small ones.All of these showed up in a matter of weeks !! The index tumor is smaller and has faint metabolic uptake for all it matters. They unblinded me and I took both Ippi and Nivo so I received the most efficient treatment, too bad it only worked for a such short period of time. The brain MRI came back clear thank God! My blood work is still normal dispite all of these including LDH. Right now I'm trying to cope with all these terible news and look for another treatment. I need to reevaluate the adrenal function hopefully I'm no longer adrenal insufficient. Did someone had such a bad experience with the combo? It is so painful not to have a back up plan! I'm Braf negative unfortunatelly! I really appreciate any advice!

      Dana

    Viewing 11 reply threads
    • Replies
        jbronicki
        Participant

          Hi Dana,

          I can't speak really to your situation but I wanted to let you know that I was thinking about you after reading this.  My husband was diagnosed with 19 mm Melanoma earlier this year on his shoulder but they couldn't even stage him due to no epithelial component.  His lymph nodes were clear so we are currently in wait and see stage.

          He is BRAF negative as well (he has NRAS mutation) so I've been researching non-BRAF targeted therapies in case he recurs.  There is ACT (adoptive cell transfer) therapy:

          http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/050112/page4

          From one mother to another, I will be hoping only the best for you. 

          Best,

          Jackie

           

            sofistef
            Participant

              Hi Jackie,

               

              I'm exploring this trial as the next treatment, I hope I will qualify for it because I have adrenal insuficiency, and I need further testing. I'm waiting on the result of the NRAS and also I wanted to retest the BRAF hopefully I will benefit from one of these therapies.

              God is Great and He has the power to heal everything!

               

              Thanks

              Dana

              arthurjedi007
              Participant

                There's also Merck's EAP NCT02083484. Seems like you would qualify. Although it is also PD1 one of my 3 medical oncologists had 5 PD1s going on at the same time last year and he said he could tell the difference by manufacturer. Apparently each PD1 is made differently. Thought it might help get you through until you get in the trial you want or maybe it would work great for you.

                Nadia
                Participant

                  Agree with Arthur, the previous use of nivo (BMS antiPD1) is not a exclusion criteria for Mercks EAP.  You should try to get in this trial ASAP.  I am not sure how big your tumour load is but for TILs they need to remove a certain size tumour for multiplying the TIL cells he lab, and I don't know if the 3cm liver tumour is big enough (not to mention is hard to get to it).

                  keep us in the loop, fingers crossed you can get accepted in the Mercks EAP!

                  Nadia
                  Participant

                    Agree with Arthur, the previous use of nivo (BMS antiPD1) is not a exclusion criteria for Mercks EAP.  You should try to get in this trial ASAP.  I am not sure how big your tumour load is but for TILs they need to remove a certain size tumour for multiplying the TIL cells he lab, and I don't know if the 3cm liver tumour is big enough (not to mention is hard to get to it).

                    keep us in the loop, fingers crossed you can get accepted in the Mercks EAP!

                    Nadia
                    Participant

                      Agree with Arthur, the previous use of nivo (BMS antiPD1) is not a exclusion criteria for Mercks EAP.  You should try to get in this trial ASAP.  I am not sure how big your tumour load is but for TILs they need to remove a certain size tumour for multiplying the TIL cells he lab, and I don't know if the 3cm liver tumour is big enough (not to mention is hard to get to it).

                      keep us in the loop, fingers crossed you can get accepted in the Mercks EAP!

                      arthurjedi007
                      Participant

                        There's also Merck's EAP NCT02083484. Seems like you would qualify. Although it is also PD1 one of my 3 medical oncologists had 5 PD1s going on at the same time last year and he said he could tell the difference by manufacturer. Apparently each PD1 is made differently. Thought it might help get you through until you get in the trial you want or maybe it would work great for you.

                        arthurjedi007
                        Participant

                          There's also Merck's EAP NCT02083484. Seems like you would qualify. Although it is also PD1 one of my 3 medical oncologists had 5 PD1s going on at the same time last year and he said he could tell the difference by manufacturer. Apparently each PD1 is made differently. Thought it might help get you through until you get in the trial you want or maybe it would work great for you.

                          sofistef
                          Participant

                            Hi Jackie,

                             

                            I'm exploring this trial as the next treatment, I hope I will qualify for it because I have adrenal insuficiency, and I need further testing. I'm waiting on the result of the NRAS and also I wanted to retest the BRAF hopefully I will benefit from one of these therapies.

                            God is Great and He has the power to heal everything!

                             

                            Thanks

                            Dana

                            sofistef
                            Participant

                              Hi Jackie,

                               

                              I'm exploring this trial as the next treatment, I hope I will qualify for it because I have adrenal insuficiency, and I need further testing. I'm waiting on the result of the NRAS and also I wanted to retest the BRAF hopefully I will benefit from one of these therapies.

                              God is Great and He has the power to heal everything!

                               

                              Thanks

                              Dana

                            jbronicki
                            Participant

                              Hi Dana,

                              I can't speak really to your situation but I wanted to let you know that I was thinking about you after reading this.  My husband was diagnosed with 19 mm Melanoma earlier this year on his shoulder but they couldn't even stage him due to no epithelial component.  His lymph nodes were clear so we are currently in wait and see stage.

                              He is BRAF negative as well (he has NRAS mutation) so I've been researching non-BRAF targeted therapies in case he recurs.  There is ACT (adoptive cell transfer) therapy:

                              http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/050112/page4

                              From one mother to another, I will be hoping only the best for you. 

                              Best,

                              Jackie

                               

                              jbronicki
                              Participant

                                Hi Dana,

                                I can't speak really to your situation but I wanted to let you know that I was thinking about you after reading this.  My husband was diagnosed with 19 mm Melanoma earlier this year on his shoulder but they couldn't even stage him due to no epithelial component.  His lymph nodes were clear so we are currently in wait and see stage.

                                He is BRAF negative as well (he has NRAS mutation) so I've been researching non-BRAF targeted therapies in case he recurs.  There is ACT (adoptive cell transfer) therapy:

                                http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/050112/page4

                                From one mother to another, I will be hoping only the best for you. 

                                Best,

                                Jackie

                                 

                                BrianP
                                Participant

                                  I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                  I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                  I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                  Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                  Brian

                                   

                                  BrianP
                                  Participant

                                    I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                    I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                    I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                    Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                    Brian

                                     

                                    BrianP
                                    Participant

                                      I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                      I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                      I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                      Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                      Brian

                                       

                                      BrianP
                                      Participant

                                        I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                        I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                        I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                        Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                        Brian

                                         

                                        BrianP
                                        Participant

                                          I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                          I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                          I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                          Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                          Brian

                                           

                                            BrianP
                                            Participant

                                              Here's one Catherine Poole posted on MIF several months ago:

                                              The first is called the NEMO trial by Novartis, it is for NRAS positive folks only.
                                              It is a randomized phase III trial with their Mek inhibitor. Look it up at Clinicaltrials.gov by: NCT01763164

                                              BrianP
                                              Participant

                                                Here's one Catherine Poole posted on MIF several months ago:

                                                The first is called the NEMO trial by Novartis, it is for NRAS positive folks only.
                                                It is a randomized phase III trial with their Mek inhibitor. Look it up at Clinicaltrials.gov by: NCT01763164

                                                BrianP
                                                Participant

                                                  Here's one Catherine Poole posted on MIF several months ago:

                                                  The first is called the NEMO trial by Novartis, it is for NRAS positive folks only.
                                                  It is a randomized phase III trial with their Mek inhibitor. Look it up at Clinicaltrials.gov by: NCT01763164

                                                  BrianP
                                                  Participant

                                                    Dana,

                                                    If you are mage positive you may be eligible for this trial at NCI.  Terrie on this site is currently in the trial.

                                                    This one is a little different than TIL. I'm not sure of all the technical jargon but basically it sounds like they genectically alter your white blood cells to recognize the mage antigen on the melanoma. Pretty amazing stuff. One advantage of this trial is I don't think you have to have resectable melanoma to harvest the TIL cells. It sounds like they do leukapheresis to obtain the white blood cells. They then genectically alter them. The patient first does chemo, then the white blood cells are reintroduced, and lastly a couple rounds of IL-2.

                                                    http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi … C-0052@@@@
                                                     

                                                    BrianP
                                                    Participant

                                                      Dana,

                                                      If you are mage positive you may be eligible for this trial at NCI.  Terrie on this site is currently in the trial.

                                                      This one is a little different than TIL. I'm not sure of all the technical jargon but basically it sounds like they genectically alter your white blood cells to recognize the mage antigen on the melanoma. Pretty amazing stuff. One advantage of this trial is I don't think you have to have resectable melanoma to harvest the TIL cells. It sounds like they do leukapheresis to obtain the white blood cells. They then genectically alter them. The patient first does chemo, then the white blood cells are reintroduced, and lastly a couple rounds of IL-2.

                                                      http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi … C-0052@@@@
                                                       

                                                      BrianP
                                                      Participant

                                                        Dana,

                                                        If you are mage positive you may be eligible for this trial at NCI.  Terrie on this site is currently in the trial.

                                                        This one is a little different than TIL. I'm not sure of all the technical jargon but basically it sounds like they genectically alter your white blood cells to recognize the mage antigen on the melanoma. Pretty amazing stuff. One advantage of this trial is I don't think you have to have resectable melanoma to harvest the TIL cells. It sounds like they do leukapheresis to obtain the white blood cells. They then genectically alter them. The patient first does chemo, then the white blood cells are reintroduced, and lastly a couple rounds of IL-2.

                                                        http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi … C-0052@@@@
                                                         

                                                        BrianP
                                                        Participant

                                                          These were the ones I was looking for:

                                                          http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01941927 (Phase 2, wild-type only)
                                                          http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01138085 (Phase 1, any type I think)
                                                           

                                                          BrianP
                                                          Participant

                                                            These were the ones I was looking for:

                                                            http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01941927 (Phase 2, wild-type only)
                                                            http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01138085 (Phase 1, any type I think)
                                                             

                                                            BrianP
                                                            Participant

                                                              These were the ones I was looking for:

                                                              http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01941927 (Phase 2, wild-type only)
                                                              http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01138085 (Phase 1, any type I think)
                                                               

                                                            BrianP
                                                            Participant

                                                              I'm so sorry for the news Dana.  I seem to remember a couple trials for NRAS patients but I can't find them now but when I do I'll post them here.

                                                              I would also be looking hard at the TIL options.  Don't remember where you are located but the three main sites I know of are MDA, NCI, and Moffitt.  I'd probably go to NCI if I had my choice but as a previous poster mentioned they are tough to get into.  When I was looking a few months ago I do remember finding one where they didn't have to resect a sample to harvest the TILs so I'll see if I can find that one again.

                                                              I know there's been some pretty interesting studies using IL-2 and SBRT in combo.  I don't want to get into a back and forth with anyone on this thread about the toxicities of IL-2 and that it's an outdated therapy.  I'm just throwing out ideas for Dana to consider.  Dr. Curti in Oregon is heading up a lot of that research.

                                                              Prayers coming your way Dana.

                                                              Brian

                                                               

                                                              RJoeyB
                                                              Participant
                                                                Specifically with regard to the few posts about TIL, and speaking from my own very similar experience, TIL not only requires a resectable tumor that can be harvested as a source for the cells, they also require an additional tumor as *measurable* disease — at least they did when I was in the trial at NIH/NCI in 2010-11.  So, while the 3-cm liver tumor is probably large enough, as Nadia stated it might be hard to remove surgically.  And bone mets are not typically considered to be measurable from a trial perspective.  At first it doesn't make sense when you hear that a bone met isn't measurable, but it's more of a clinical term.  For the trial, they need to be measurable so they can see if there is a response to the treatment.  While an MRI clearly shows a bone tumor (I've had 6 and seen every one :-(, even if there is a response, the appearance of a bone met may not change much on MRI.  A PET would show a decrease in SUV (a relative measure of the metabolic activity), but that is not a dimensional measurement.
                                                                 
                                                                In my TIL trial, my original primary lesion (cutaneous on back) was harvested and even though I, too, had a bone met in my humerus, it couldn't be used as the measurable site (or the resectable tumor).  Instead, I also had a malignant lymph node in my underarm that was used.
                                                                 
                                                                Brian linked to a trial that may not require a resectable tumor, in which case, the liver met could probably serve as the measurable site.  These trials that don't require a cell harvest from a tumor take various approaches to obtain the cells.  Always leukapheresis to start, then either selecting very specific T-cells and growing the additional cells directly, or first performing genetic modifications to those cells before growing the new ones.
                                                                 
                                                                It can be a double-edged sword with a trial that has this sort of requirement.  If you have few mets that don't met the requirement of having one resectable lesion and a separate measurable site, you don't want to hope for another tumor so you can get into a trial, right?  So that can contribute to some of the criticism about "patient selection" with TIL.  I know there's other criticism about selection, too, and I don't know if your adrenal insufficiency would present a problem qualifying for a TIL trial.  Remember that TIL includes a round of IL-2.
                                                                 
                                                                I'm sorry to hear that you received this news about the new liver met.  I think you're getting some great advice here, though, and think you have several strong options available to you.  How did your shoulder MRI go?  Have you talked with your doctors about any need for surgical intervention there?
                                                                RJoeyB
                                                                Participant
                                                                  Specifically with regard to the few posts about TIL, and speaking from my own very similar experience, TIL not only requires a resectable tumor that can be harvested as a source for the cells, they also require an additional tumor as *measurable* disease — at least they did when I was in the trial at NIH/NCI in 2010-11.  So, while the 3-cm liver tumor is probably large enough, as Nadia stated it might be hard to remove surgically.  And bone mets are not typically considered to be measurable from a trial perspective.  At first it doesn't make sense when you hear that a bone met isn't measurable, but it's more of a clinical term.  For the trial, they need to be measurable so they can see if there is a response to the treatment.  While an MRI clearly shows a bone tumor (I've had 6 and seen every one :-(, even if there is a response, the appearance of a bone met may not change much on MRI.  A PET would show a decrease in SUV (a relative measure of the metabolic activity), but that is not a dimensional measurement.
                                                                   
                                                                  In my TIL trial, my original primary lesion (cutaneous on back) was harvested and even though I, too, had a bone met in my humerus, it couldn't be used as the measurable site (or the resectable tumor).  Instead, I also had a malignant lymph node in my underarm that was used.
                                                                   
                                                                  Brian linked to a trial that may not require a resectable tumor, in which case, the liver met could probably serve as the measurable site.  These trials that don't require a cell harvest from a tumor take various approaches to obtain the cells.  Always leukapheresis to start, then either selecting very specific T-cells and growing the additional cells directly, or first performing genetic modifications to those cells before growing the new ones.
                                                                   
                                                                  It can be a double-edged sword with a trial that has this sort of requirement.  If you have few mets that don't met the requirement of having one resectable lesion and a separate measurable site, you don't want to hope for another tumor so you can get into a trial, right?  So that can contribute to some of the criticism about "patient selection" with TIL.  I know there's other criticism about selection, too, and I don't know if your adrenal insufficiency would present a problem qualifying for a TIL trial.  Remember that TIL includes a round of IL-2.
                                                                   
                                                                  I'm sorry to hear that you received this news about the new liver met.  I think you're getting some great advice here, though, and think you have several strong options available to you.  How did your shoulder MRI go?  Have you talked with your doctors about any need for surgical intervention there?
                                                                    RJoeyB
                                                                    Participant

                                                                      One quick note to my prior post…  some newer trials for TIL, including at least one at NIH, do not require a round of IL-2 to be administered after infusion of the TIL cells.

                                                                       

                                                                      RJoeyB
                                                                      Participant

                                                                        One quick note to my prior post…  some newer trials for TIL, including at least one at NIH, do not require a round of IL-2 to be administered after infusion of the TIL cells.

                                                                         

                                                                        Marianne quinn
                                                                        Participant

                                                                          What doesTIL stand for? What is the process? Sorry to be so uninformed. Thanks

                                                                          Marianne quinn
                                                                          Participant

                                                                            What doesTIL stand for? What is the process? Sorry to be so uninformed. Thanks

                                                                            RJoeyB
                                                                            Participant
                                                                              No need to apologize! It's a lot of new information to process — almost 4 years in and I learn something new all the time. 
                                                                               
                                                                              TIL stands for Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and is a form of immunotherapy also known as ACT, or Autologous (or Adoptive) Cell Therapy. The treatment is complicated, but I'll do my best to explain. As you already know, some cancers, including melanoma are known to be responsive to some degree to the body’s own immune system. Even without immunotherapy, the immune system tries to mount a response to melanoma, but loses the battle in people who develop melanoma — who knows how many times the body successfully fends off melanoma before it is detectable. So immunotherapies use various strategies to boost the body’s immune response to cancer. Within a melanoma tumor are certain T-cells (white blood cells) that are trying to fight the malignant cells. They recognize melanoma cells and can kill melanoma cells, but are outnumbered.
                                                                               
                                                                              In TIL cell therapy, a tumor is surgically removed (resected) and “harvested” in the laboratory for TIL cells. Specific T-cells are removed and then grown in the lab over a period of 3-6 weeks to tens of billions of cells to be reinfused to the patient. The process is similar to but less intense than a bone marrow transplant (BMT), but instead of needing a donor, the patient is basically donating the cells to himself/herself (that's the “autologous” part of ACT). When the cells are about ready for reinfusion, the patient is given a treatment regimen to wipe out their existing immune system. Unlike a BMT, the regimen does not kill off the bone marrow completely (which is called myeloablative), but does take the white blood cell count (WBC) to zero (non-myeloablative). The regimen uses chemotherapy and sometimes total body radiation (TBI). The most common chemotherapy regimen is 2 days of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) followed by 5 days of fludarabine, and in trials that use radiation it’s either 2 or 12 grays of TBI.
                                                                               
                                                                              Once the patient’s WBC reaches zero, the tens of billions of TIL cells are reinfused to the patient via IV. The cells look like an IV bag filled with chicken broth and the infusion itself takes 20 minutes and has few side effects. After the infusion, a full course of high-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is given, every 8 hours for anywhere from 1 to 14 doses, as part of reconstituting the immune system (also, the TIL cells themselves are grown in IL-2 in the lab). IL-2 is a chemical that the body produces in small amounts and regulates white blood cells. With high-dose IL-2, it is given in very large doses with a number of toxic side effects. Treatment can be difficult and some patients cannot receive it because of other insufficiencies. The wide range of doses is because it is essentially given until the body can't take any more. The limited number of hospitals that offer IL-2 are highly skilled in administering it and managing the side effects, but time in the ICU, although becoming more and more rare, is a possibility. A full description of IL-2 could take up another post. But for most patients, this is the most difficult part of TIL cell therapy, even harder than the chemotherapy and radiation. Fortunately the side effects quickly subside, most before leaving the hospital, and rarely have long-lasting impact. In addition to adding TBI to the preparatory regimen, there are trials that are trying other chemotherapy regimens and eliminating IL-2 from the post-infusion portion of treatment.
                                                                               
                                                                              After the cell harvest and the growth of the cells in the lab, the chemotherapy, radiation, infusion, IL-2, and recovery results in about a 3 week hospital stay. The growth of cells in the lab is a very manually-intensive process and currently there are only three hospitals in the U.S. offering TIL:  the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD (usually just called “NCI” or “NIH”, I had my treatment there), MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa. The research was pioneered by Dr. Steven Rosenberg at NIH, who still leads the work there, and many of the doctors at MD Anderson and Moffitt have spent time on staff or in fellowships at NIH under Dr. Rosenberg. At least one company, Lion Biotechnologies, has licensed the process and has a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with NIH, with plans to initiate new trials, with the goal of reducing the complexity of the cell harvest and growth and making it more widely available.
                                                                               
                                                                              Once the treatment is finished, the patient has an immune system that is highly trained to recognize and attack melanoma cells. Response to TIL cell therapy can be very quick or slow. I had a subcutaneous tumor in my temple that visibly started to shrink within a week of receiving the infusion, before leaving the hospital (my wife and I both notice but were almost afraid to admit to each other what we both saw), and was gone within five weeks, never to return. Another tumor on my internal chest wall took about 8 weeks and one lymph node was 90% dead tumor by the time it was removed surgically about 12 weeks later. None of those have ever returned and while I've since had additional metastases, they've been less aggressive than is typical for stage IV melanoma and occurred in ways that we've been able to tactically address them.
                                                                               
                                                                              Response rates can be upwards of the 50% range, and can be very durable, with some patients who received the therapy 10+ years ago still having NED status. Especially because of the IL-2, the treatment can be difficult, so some of the sickest patients may be ineligible for TIL therapy. Newer efforts to eliminate IL-2 from the process may help with this. Additionally, some new trials are investigating using T-cells from the blood stream (instead of from a resected tumor) to grow the batch of cells to be reinfused, which would eliminate the requirement for a resectable tumor. And while the TIL trials have been predominately focused on melanoma, the research is expanding to other advanced metastatic cancers.
                                                                               
                                                                              As with a more detailed description of IL-2, my personal TIL experience could fill many other posts. While it's the hardest thing I've ever been through, it's also why I'm still here today, not cured or even NED (I've been close), but still in the fight, almost four years in.
                                                                               
                                                                              RJoeyB
                                                                              Participant
                                                                                No need to apologize! It's a lot of new information to process — almost 4 years in and I learn something new all the time. 
                                                                                 
                                                                                TIL stands for Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and is a form of immunotherapy also known as ACT, or Autologous (or Adoptive) Cell Therapy. The treatment is complicated, but I'll do my best to explain. As you already know, some cancers, including melanoma are known to be responsive to some degree to the body’s own immune system. Even without immunotherapy, the immune system tries to mount a response to melanoma, but loses the battle in people who develop melanoma — who knows how many times the body successfully fends off melanoma before it is detectable. So immunotherapies use various strategies to boost the body’s immune response to cancer. Within a melanoma tumor are certain T-cells (white blood cells) that are trying to fight the malignant cells. They recognize melanoma cells and can kill melanoma cells, but are outnumbered.
                                                                                 
                                                                                In TIL cell therapy, a tumor is surgically removed (resected) and “harvested” in the laboratory for TIL cells. Specific T-cells are removed and then grown in the lab over a period of 3-6 weeks to tens of billions of cells to be reinfused to the patient. The process is similar to but less intense than a bone marrow transplant (BMT), but instead of needing a donor, the patient is basically donating the cells to himself/herself (that's the “autologous” part of ACT). When the cells are about ready for reinfusion, the patient is given a treatment regimen to wipe out their existing immune system. Unlike a BMT, the regimen does not kill off the bone marrow completely (which is called myeloablative), but does take the white blood cell count (WBC) to zero (non-myeloablative). The regimen uses chemotherapy and sometimes total body radiation (TBI). The most common chemotherapy regimen is 2 days of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) followed by 5 days of fludarabine, and in trials that use radiation it’s either 2 or 12 grays of TBI.
                                                                                 
                                                                                Once the patient’s WBC reaches zero, the tens of billions of TIL cells are reinfused to the patient via IV. The cells look like an IV bag filled with chicken broth and the infusion itself takes 20 minutes and has few side effects. After the infusion, a full course of high-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is given, every 8 hours for anywhere from 1 to 14 doses, as part of reconstituting the immune system (also, the TIL cells themselves are grown in IL-2 in the lab). IL-2 is a chemical that the body produces in small amounts and regulates white blood cells. With high-dose IL-2, it is given in very large doses with a number of toxic side effects. Treatment can be difficult and some patients cannot receive it because of other insufficiencies. The wide range of doses is because it is essentially given until the body can't take any more. The limited number of hospitals that offer IL-2 are highly skilled in administering it and managing the side effects, but time in the ICU, although becoming more and more rare, is a possibility. A full description of IL-2 could take up another post. But for most patients, this is the most difficult part of TIL cell therapy, even harder than the chemotherapy and radiation. Fortunately the side effects quickly subside, most before leaving the hospital, and rarely have long-lasting impact. In addition to adding TBI to the preparatory regimen, there are trials that are trying other chemotherapy regimens and eliminating IL-2 from the post-infusion portion of treatment.
                                                                                 
                                                                                After the cell harvest and the growth of the cells in the lab, the chemotherapy, radiation, infusion, IL-2, and recovery results in about a 3 week hospital stay. The growth of cells in the lab is a very manually-intensive process and currently there are only three hospitals in the U.S. offering TIL:  the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD (usually just called “NCI” or “NIH”, I had my treatment there), MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa. The research was pioneered by Dr. Steven Rosenberg at NIH, who still leads the work there, and many of the doctors at MD Anderson and Moffitt have spent time on staff or in fellowships at NIH under Dr. Rosenberg. At least one company, Lion Biotechnologies, has licensed the process and has a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with NIH, with plans to initiate new trials, with the goal of reducing the complexity of the cell harvest and growth and making it more widely available.
                                                                                 
                                                                                Once the treatment is finished, the patient has an immune system that is highly trained to recognize and attack melanoma cells. Response to TIL cell therapy can be very quick or slow. I had a subcutaneous tumor in my temple that visibly started to shrink within a week of receiving the infusion, before leaving the hospital (my wife and I both notice but were almost afraid to admit to each other what we both saw), and was gone within five weeks, never to return. Another tumor on my internal chest wall took about 8 weeks and one lymph node was 90% dead tumor by the time it was removed surgically about 12 weeks later. None of those have ever returned and while I've since had additional metastases, they've been less aggressive than is typical for stage IV melanoma and occurred in ways that we've been able to tactically address them.
                                                                                 
                                                                                Response rates can be upwards of the 50% range, and can be very durable, with some patients who received the therapy 10+ years ago still having NED status. Especially because of the IL-2, the treatment can be difficult, so some of the sickest patients may be ineligible for TIL therapy. Newer efforts to eliminate IL-2 from the process may help with this. Additionally, some new trials are investigating using T-cells from the blood stream (instead of from a resected tumor) to grow the batch of cells to be reinfused, which would eliminate the requirement for a resectable tumor. And while the TIL trials have been predominately focused on melanoma, the research is expanding to other advanced metastatic cancers.
                                                                                 
                                                                                As with a more detailed description of IL-2, my personal TIL experience could fill many other posts. While it's the hardest thing I've ever been through, it's also why I'm still here today, not cured or even NED (I've been close), but still in the fight, almost four years in.
                                                                                 
                                                                                BrianP
                                                                                Participant

                                                                                  Thanks Joey.  That was fantastic. 

                                                                                  Have you watched this?

                                                                                  http://webcast.aacr.org/console/player/23029?mediaType=audio&

                                                                                  It's Dr. Rosenburg's latest twist to his TIL treatment where he is "personalizing" the TIL treatment based on the patients cancer mutations.  Pretty neat stuff.

                                                                                  I think I remember seeing a trial where Dr. Weber at Moffitt is combining TIL and ipi.  I remember reading sometime last year where Moffitt got a big grant to further their TIL research.

                                                                                  BrianP
                                                                                  Participant

                                                                                    Thanks Joey.  That was fantastic. 

                                                                                    Have you watched this?

                                                                                    http://webcast.aacr.org/console/player/23029?mediaType=audio&

                                                                                    It's Dr. Rosenburg's latest twist to his TIL treatment where he is "personalizing" the TIL treatment based on the patients cancer mutations.  Pretty neat stuff.

                                                                                    I think I remember seeing a trial where Dr. Weber at Moffitt is combining TIL and ipi.  I remember reading sometime last year where Moffitt got a big grant to further their TIL research.

                                                                                    sofistef
                                                                                    Participant

                                                                                      Thank you so much for your very knowledge responses. I really appreciate them.
                                                                                       

                                                                                      TIL is the treatment I want to do next, but because I take steroids as dose replacement for adrenal insuficiency this will disqualify me.I will repeat the test soon, hopelully I no longer need steroids.  The TIL treatment was offered to me when I first progressed to stage 4 with just 1 tumor (the second one was removed via VATS surgery) in my body and I decided to enroll in BMS IPPi Nivo trial, with the hopes that I benefit more from it. I never imagined the monster will come back that   aggresively in the spots as bad as the bones and liver, and the treatment would leave me with long lasting side effects. I am waiting for the results of Nras and  retest the Braf hopefullty I can use these treatments as bridge treatments until I figure out what to do next. I'm being treated by a wonderful and very knowledgeble Dr Atkins at Lombardi in Washington DC.  In regards with the humerus met, I consulted with a radoilogist oncologist to treat it, and I will probably see an orthopedist to explore the surgery option. I'm afraid if I treat this with surgery or radioation I will delay the sistemic treatment, so until I have a plan in place we will leave this as is. I'm thinking to do the tour to Sloan and some other places to gather as many info as posible before making a decision. My doctor feels that something happen in the tumor and became so aggresive , it could have something to do with the steroids I'm taking for adrenal insuficiency that made the treatment to stop working. They went back and re read the scans from april and it turnes out, the liver met was visible but it was not noted and this makes me so furious because I waisted 6 precious weeks thinking that the treatment was working. I will have to do something soon because the shoulder started to bother me more and more , especially at night. I need a miracle to happen , and I pray to God to enlighten us to make the best treatment decision as I need to be around for my young kids!!

                                                                                      I will explore the Merck anti PD1 , but I'm not sure if this will work if Nivo failed since they have the same mechanism of action.

                                                                                      I'm sure there are still options . This weekend is ASCO annual meeting hopefully some new ideas will come out of there.

                                                                                      Many thanks to you for all of your answes , I will keep you posted.

                                                                                       

                                                                                      Dana

                                                                                       

                                                                                      sofistef
                                                                                      Participant

                                                                                        Thank you so much for your very knowledge responses. I really appreciate them.
                                                                                         

                                                                                        TIL is the treatment I want to do next, but because I take steroids as dose replacement for adrenal insuficiency this will disqualify me.I will repeat the test soon, hopelully I no longer need steroids.  The TIL treatment was offered to me when I first progressed to stage 4 with just 1 tumor (the second one was removed via VATS surgery) in my body and I decided to enroll in BMS IPPi Nivo trial, with the hopes that I benefit more from it. I never imagined the monster will come back that   aggresively in the spots as bad as the bones and liver, and the treatment would leave me with long lasting side effects. I am waiting for the results of Nras and  retest the Braf hopefullty I can use these treatments as bridge treatments until I figure out what to do next. I'm being treated by a wonderful and very knowledgeble Dr Atkins at Lombardi in Washington DC.  In regards with the humerus met, I consulted with a radoilogist oncologist to treat it, and I will probably see an orthopedist to explore the surgery option. I'm afraid if I treat this with surgery or radioation I will delay the sistemic treatment, so until I have a plan in place we will leave this as is. I'm thinking to do the tour to Sloan and some other places to gather as many info as posible before making a decision. My doctor feels that something happen in the tumor and became so aggresive , it could have something to do with the steroids I'm taking for adrenal insuficiency that made the treatment to stop working. They went back and re read the scans from april and it turnes out, the liver met was visible but it was not noted and this makes me so furious because I waisted 6 precious weeks thinking that the treatment was working. I will have to do something soon because the shoulder started to bother me more and more , especially at night. I need a miracle to happen , and I pray to God to enlighten us to make the best treatment decision as I need to be around for my young kids!!

                                                                                        I will explore the Merck anti PD1 , but I'm not sure if this will work if Nivo failed since they have the same mechanism of action.

                                                                                        I'm sure there are still options . This weekend is ASCO annual meeting hopefully some new ideas will come out of there.

                                                                                        Many thanks to you for all of your answes , I will keep you posted.

                                                                                         

                                                                                        Dana

                                                                                         

                                                                                        RJoeyB
                                                                                        Participant

                                                                                          Dana, the possibility of radiation or surgery delaying treatment is a valid concern. Also keep in mind that, especially for the bone met, they might prefer that you have surgery prior to treatment. As I wrote in response to an earlier post of yours, I was in a similar situation with a bone lesion in my proximal humerus. We were ready to proceed with TIL, but at one of the scans closer to starting, the lesion had grown enough that my doctors were concerned about the risk of fracture. A fracture occuring when the immune system is weakened (or with TIL, completely depleted) would have been a very dangerous situation. Ultimately, I had the TIL about three months after my surgery, but it took about a month for them to grow my cels anyway – I probably could have started the TIL six weeks after finishing surgery, but there were some other complications that delayed the start.

                                                                                           

                                                                                          RJoeyB
                                                                                          Participant

                                                                                            Dana, the possibility of radiation or surgery delaying treatment is a valid concern. Also keep in mind that, especially for the bone met, they might prefer that you have surgery prior to treatment. As I wrote in response to an earlier post of yours, I was in a similar situation with a bone lesion in my proximal humerus. We were ready to proceed with TIL, but at one of the scans closer to starting, the lesion had grown enough that my doctors were concerned about the risk of fracture. A fracture occuring when the immune system is weakened (or with TIL, completely depleted) would have been a very dangerous situation. Ultimately, I had the TIL about three months after my surgery, but it took about a month for them to grow my cels anyway – I probably could have started the TIL six weeks after finishing surgery, but there were some other complications that delayed the start.

                                                                                             

                                                                                            RJoeyB
                                                                                            Participant

                                                                                              Dana, the possibility of radiation or surgery delaying treatment is a valid concern. Also keep in mind that, especially for the bone met, they might prefer that you have surgery prior to treatment. As I wrote in response to an earlier post of yours, I was in a similar situation with a bone lesion in my proximal humerus. We were ready to proceed with TIL, but at one of the scans closer to starting, the lesion had grown enough that my doctors were concerned about the risk of fracture. A fracture occuring when the immune system is weakened (or with TIL, completely depleted) would have been a very dangerous situation. Ultimately, I had the TIL about three months after my surgery, but it took about a month for them to grow my cels anyway – I probably could have started the TIL six weeks after finishing surgery, but there were some other complications that delayed the start.

                                                                                               

                                                                                              sofistef
                                                                                              Participant

                                                                                                Thank you so much for your very knowledge responses. I really appreciate them.
                                                                                                 

                                                                                                TIL is the treatment I want to do next, but because I take steroids as dose replacement for adrenal insuficiency this will disqualify me.I will repeat the test soon, hopelully I no longer need steroids.  The TIL treatment was offered to me when I first progressed to stage 4 with just 1 tumor (the second one was removed via VATS surgery) in my body and I decided to enroll in BMS IPPi Nivo trial, with the hopes that I benefit more from it. I never imagined the monster will come back that   aggresively in the spots as bad as the bones and liver, and the treatment would leave me with long lasting side effects. I am waiting for the results of Nras and  retest the Braf hopefullty I can use these treatments as bridge treatments until I figure out what to do next. I'm being treated by a wonderful and very knowledgeble Dr Atkins at Lombardi in Washington DC.  In regards with the humerus met, I consulted with a radoilogist oncologist to treat it, and I will probably see an orthopedist to explore the surgery option. I'm afraid if I treat this with surgery or radioation I will delay the sistemic treatment, so until I have a plan in place we will leave this as is. I'm thinking to do the tour to Sloan and some other places to gather as many info as posible before making a decision. My doctor feels that something happen in the tumor and became so aggresive , it could have something to do with the steroids I'm taking for adrenal insuficiency that made the treatment to stop working. They went back and re read the scans from april and it turnes out, the liver met was visible but it was not noted and this makes me so furious because I waisted 6 precious weeks thinking that the treatment was working. I will have to do something soon because the shoulder started to bother me more and more , especially at night. I need a miracle to happen , and I pray to God to enlighten us to make the best treatment decision as I need to be around for my young kids!!

                                                                                                I will explore the Merck anti PD1 , but I'm not sure if this will work if Nivo failed since they have the same mechanism of action.

                                                                                                I'm sure there are still options . This weekend is ASCO annual meeting hopefully some new ideas will come out of there.

                                                                                                Many thanks to you for all of your answes , I will keep you posted.

                                                                                                 

                                                                                                Dana

                                                                                                 

                                                                                                RJoeyB
                                                                                                Participant

                                                                                                  Thanks Brian.  I haven't seen that presentation, although I have seen many of the slides in the first portion of it that report on melanoma specifically.  Amazing to me what they're doing with this; truly outsmarting cancer and beating it at it's own game, not allowing it to hide.  I count myself fortunate to have been treated by Dr. Rosenberg and his team of investigators, clinicians, researchers, and fellows.  I was so impressed by him and everyone I met there.  The attending physicians rotate on a one or two month cycle, so I had a chance to meet many of them during my scans and in-patient stays.

                                                                                                  Yes, there are a number of trials combining TIL with ipi and other agents, including the BRAF inhibitors.  I also imagine that if one hasn't started already that they'll be combining it with anti-PD-1, too, very soon.  I know of at least one person who participated in the TIL:/ipi combo trial at Moffitt.  He had disease progression soon after completing the treatments and moved on to a PD-1 trial, where he's done quite well.  No telling for sure if the TIL/ipi combo ultimately played a role in a subsequent response to PD-1, but in my case, what seems clear is that even without a complete response, even a partial response can be durable and slow the disease down, with the effects of multiple immunotherapies being cumulative.  On more than one occasion, my medical onc has reminded me that my immune system is "primed".

                                                                                                  Thanks again for sharing the presentation.  The findings made it to most of the mainsteam news outlets last month, but I hadn't seen this much detail.

                                                                                                  RJoeyB
                                                                                                  Participant

                                                                                                    Thanks Brian.  I haven't seen that presentation, although I have seen many of the slides in the first portion of it that report on melanoma specifically.  Amazing to me what they're doing with this; truly outsmarting cancer and beating it at it's own game, not allowing it to hide.  I count myself fortunate to have been treated by Dr. Rosenberg and his team of investigators, clinicians, researchers, and fellows.  I was so impressed by him and everyone I met there.  The attending physicians rotate on a one or two month cycle, so I had a chance to meet many of them during my scans and in-patient stays.

                                                                                                    Yes, there are a number of trials combining TIL with ipi and other agents, including the BRAF inhibitors.  I also imagine that if one hasn't started already that they'll be combining it with anti-PD-1, too, very soon.  I know of at least one person who participated in the TIL:/ipi combo trial at Moffitt.  He had disease progression soon after completing the treatments and moved on to a PD-1 trial, where he's done quite well.  No telling for sure if the TIL/ipi combo ultimately played a role in a subsequent response to PD-1, but in my case, what seems clear is that even without a complete response, even a partial response can be durable and slow the disease down, with the effects of multiple immunotherapies being cumulative.  On more than one occasion, my medical onc has reminded me that my immune system is "primed".

                                                                                                    Thanks again for sharing the presentation.  The findings made it to most of the mainsteam news outlets last month, but I hadn't seen this much detail.

                                                                                                    RJoeyB
                                                                                                    Participant

                                                                                                      Thanks Brian.  I haven't seen that presentation, although I have seen many of the slides in the first portion of it that report on melanoma specifically.  Amazing to me what they're doing with this; truly outsmarting cancer and beating it at it's own game, not allowing it to hide.  I count myself fortunate to have been treated by Dr. Rosenberg and his team of investigators, clinicians, researchers, and fellows.  I was so impressed by him and everyone I met there.  The attending physicians rotate on a one or two month cycle, so I had a chance to meet many of them during my scans and in-patient stays.

                                                                                                      Yes, there are a number of trials combining TIL with ipi and other agents, including the BRAF inhibitors.  I also imagine that if one hasn't started already that they'll be combining it with anti-PD-1, too, very soon.  I know of at least one person who participated in the TIL:/ipi combo trial at Moffitt.  He had disease progression soon after completing the treatments and moved on to a PD-1 trial, where he's done quite well.  No telling for sure if the TIL/ipi combo ultimately played a role in a subsequent response to PD-1, but in my case, what seems clear is that even without a complete response, even a partial response can be durable and slow the disease down, with the effects of multiple immunotherapies being cumulative.  On more than one occasion, my medical onc has reminded me that my immune system is "primed".

                                                                                                      Thanks again for sharing the presentation.  The findings made it to most of the mainsteam news outlets last month, but I hadn't seen this much detail.

                                                                                                      BrianP
                                                                                                      Participant

                                                                                                        Thanks Joey.  That was fantastic. 

                                                                                                        Have you watched this?

                                                                                                        http://webcast.aacr.org/console/player/23029?mediaType=audio&

                                                                                                        It's Dr. Rosenburg's latest twist to his TIL treatment where he is "personalizing" the TIL treatment based on the patients cancer mutations.  Pretty neat stuff.

                                                                                                        I think I remember seeing a trial where Dr. Weber at Moffitt is combining TIL and ipi.  I remember reading sometime last year where Moffitt got a big grant to further their TIL research.

                                                                                                        Mat
                                                                                                        Participant

                                                                                                          Joe, I just want to say that I really appreciate your posts (TIL, melanoma response to radiation, etc.).  They are required reading!

                                                                                                          Mat
                                                                                                          Participant

                                                                                                            Joe, I just want to say that I really appreciate your posts (TIL, melanoma response to radiation, etc.).  They are required reading!

                                                                                                            RJoeyB
                                                                                                            Participant

                                                                                                              Thanks for the feedback Mat, I'm glad it's helpful. I just looked at your profile and saw that you're at Penn. I saw Dr. Schuchter about a month after my original diagnosis to talk about what eventually became vemurafenib. We were trying to consider all of our options and my surgical onc at Fox Chase had done a fellowship at NIH 6 or 7 years prior, so also started us down the path of TIL. By the time we saw Dr. Schuchter, we had already visited and started the process of trying to get into the TIL trial. She basically said that if I was accepted to the TIL trial that she'd recommend we pursue it first, which we ultimately did. We're now back at Fox Chase, but I've been so appreciative of doctors like her and my surgical onc who are willing to honestly assess and recommend options to patients, even if it means sending them elsewhere.

                                                                                                               

                                                                                                              RJoeyB
                                                                                                              Participant

                                                                                                                Thanks for the feedback Mat, I'm glad it's helpful. I just looked at your profile and saw that you're at Penn. I saw Dr. Schuchter about a month after my original diagnosis to talk about what eventually became vemurafenib. We were trying to consider all of our options and my surgical onc at Fox Chase had done a fellowship at NIH 6 or 7 years prior, so also started us down the path of TIL. By the time we saw Dr. Schuchter, we had already visited and started the process of trying to get into the TIL trial. She basically said that if I was accepted to the TIL trial that she'd recommend we pursue it first, which we ultimately did. We're now back at Fox Chase, but I've been so appreciative of doctors like her and my surgical onc who are willing to honestly assess and recommend options to patients, even if it means sending them elsewhere.

                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                Mat
                                                                                                                Participant

                                                                                                                  Joe, thanks.  Yes, I'm very happy with Dr. Schuchter (and her staff!).  I moved my care to Penn following my Stage IV diagnosis and haven't looked back.

                                                                                                                  I read your post on TIL with great interest.  I pursued TIL at the NIH as an initial treatment when I was diagnosed last summer.  I was accepted, but when I went back for my surgery, I was re-scanned.  My tumor burden had increased substantially (in just 20 days), and the NIH sent me home.  That was a tough day . . . .  In any case, I'm grateful to be stable now with a significantly reduced tumor burden (primarily due to the GSK combo).  I plan to revisit TIL/NIH in the future should that become necessary.  I'm glad that you posted on TIL–aside from it being a very informative and detailed post, the reality is that we don't have a lot of patients on this site or MIF that have been through TIL.  You tend to hear more about the "challenging" stories than the good ones.  Thanks again.

                                                                                                                  Mat
                                                                                                                  Participant

                                                                                                                    Joe, thanks.  Yes, I'm very happy with Dr. Schuchter (and her staff!).  I moved my care to Penn following my Stage IV diagnosis and haven't looked back.

                                                                                                                    I read your post on TIL with great interest.  I pursued TIL at the NIH as an initial treatment when I was diagnosed last summer.  I was accepted, but when I went back for my surgery, I was re-scanned.  My tumor burden had increased substantially (in just 20 days), and the NIH sent me home.  That was a tough day . . . .  In any case, I'm grateful to be stable now with a significantly reduced tumor burden (primarily due to the GSK combo).  I plan to revisit TIL/NIH in the future should that become necessary.  I'm glad that you posted on TIL–aside from it being a very informative and detailed post, the reality is that we don't have a lot of patients on this site or MIF that have been through TIL.  You tend to hear more about the "challenging" stories than the good ones.  Thanks again.

                                                                                                                    Mat
                                                                                                                    Participant

                                                                                                                      Joe, thanks.  Yes, I'm very happy with Dr. Schuchter (and her staff!).  I moved my care to Penn following my Stage IV diagnosis and haven't looked back.

                                                                                                                      I read your post on TIL with great interest.  I pursued TIL at the NIH as an initial treatment when I was diagnosed last summer.  I was accepted, but when I went back for my surgery, I was re-scanned.  My tumor burden had increased substantially (in just 20 days), and the NIH sent me home.  That was a tough day . . . .  In any case, I'm grateful to be stable now with a significantly reduced tumor burden (primarily due to the GSK combo).  I plan to revisit TIL/NIH in the future should that become necessary.  I'm glad that you posted on TIL–aside from it being a very informative and detailed post, the reality is that we don't have a lot of patients on this site or MIF that have been through TIL.  You tend to hear more about the "challenging" stories than the good ones.  Thanks again.

                                                                                                                      RJoeyB
                                                                                                                      Participant

                                                                                                                        Thanks for the feedback Mat, I'm glad it's helpful. I just looked at your profile and saw that you're at Penn. I saw Dr. Schuchter about a month after my original diagnosis to talk about what eventually became vemurafenib. We were trying to consider all of our options and my surgical onc at Fox Chase had done a fellowship at NIH 6 or 7 years prior, so also started us down the path of TIL. By the time we saw Dr. Schuchter, we had already visited and started the process of trying to get into the TIL trial. She basically said that if I was accepted to the TIL trial that she'd recommend we pursue it first, which we ultimately did. We're now back at Fox Chase, but I've been so appreciative of doctors like her and my surgical onc who are willing to honestly assess and recommend options to patients, even if it means sending them elsewhere.

                                                                                                                         

                                                                                                                        Mat
                                                                                                                        Participant

                                                                                                                          Joe, I just want to say that I really appreciate your posts (TIL, melanoma response to radiation, etc.).  They are required reading!

                                                                                                                          RJoeyB
                                                                                                                          Participant
                                                                                                                            No need to apologize! It's a lot of new information to process — almost 4 years in and I learn something new all the time. 
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            TIL stands for Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and is a form of immunotherapy also known as ACT, or Autologous (or Adoptive) Cell Therapy. The treatment is complicated, but I'll do my best to explain. As you already know, some cancers, including melanoma are known to be responsive to some degree to the body’s own immune system. Even without immunotherapy, the immune system tries to mount a response to melanoma, but loses the battle in people who develop melanoma — who knows how many times the body successfully fends off melanoma before it is detectable. So immunotherapies use various strategies to boost the body’s immune response to cancer. Within a melanoma tumor are certain T-cells (white blood cells) that are trying to fight the malignant cells. They recognize melanoma cells and can kill melanoma cells, but are outnumbered.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            In TIL cell therapy, a tumor is surgically removed (resected) and “harvested” in the laboratory for TIL cells. Specific T-cells are removed and then grown in the lab over a period of 3-6 weeks to tens of billions of cells to be reinfused to the patient. The process is similar to but less intense than a bone marrow transplant (BMT), but instead of needing a donor, the patient is basically donating the cells to himself/herself (that's the “autologous” part of ACT). When the cells are about ready for reinfusion, the patient is given a treatment regimen to wipe out their existing immune system. Unlike a BMT, the regimen does not kill off the bone marrow completely (which is called myeloablative), but does take the white blood cell count (WBC) to zero (non-myeloablative). The regimen uses chemotherapy and sometimes total body radiation (TBI). The most common chemotherapy regimen is 2 days of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) followed by 5 days of fludarabine, and in trials that use radiation it’s either 2 or 12 grays of TBI.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            Once the patient’s WBC reaches zero, the tens of billions of TIL cells are reinfused to the patient via IV. The cells look like an IV bag filled with chicken broth and the infusion itself takes 20 minutes and has few side effects. After the infusion, a full course of high-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is given, every 8 hours for anywhere from 1 to 14 doses, as part of reconstituting the immune system (also, the TIL cells themselves are grown in IL-2 in the lab). IL-2 is a chemical that the body produces in small amounts and regulates white blood cells. With high-dose IL-2, it is given in very large doses with a number of toxic side effects. Treatment can be difficult and some patients cannot receive it because of other insufficiencies. The wide range of doses is because it is essentially given until the body can't take any more. The limited number of hospitals that offer IL-2 are highly skilled in administering it and managing the side effects, but time in the ICU, although becoming more and more rare, is a possibility. A full description of IL-2 could take up another post. But for most patients, this is the most difficult part of TIL cell therapy, even harder than the chemotherapy and radiation. Fortunately the side effects quickly subside, most before leaving the hospital, and rarely have long-lasting impact. In addition to adding TBI to the preparatory regimen, there are trials that are trying other chemotherapy regimens and eliminating IL-2 from the post-infusion portion of treatment.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            After the cell harvest and the growth of the cells in the lab, the chemotherapy, radiation, infusion, IL-2, and recovery results in about a 3 week hospital stay. The growth of cells in the lab is a very manually-intensive process and currently there are only three hospitals in the U.S. offering TIL:  the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD (usually just called “NCI” or “NIH”, I had my treatment there), MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa. The research was pioneered by Dr. Steven Rosenberg at NIH, who still leads the work there, and many of the doctors at MD Anderson and Moffitt have spent time on staff or in fellowships at NIH under Dr. Rosenberg. At least one company, Lion Biotechnologies, has licensed the process and has a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with NIH, with plans to initiate new trials, with the goal of reducing the complexity of the cell harvest and growth and making it more widely available.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            Once the treatment is finished, the patient has an immune system that is highly trained to recognize and attack melanoma cells. Response to TIL cell therapy can be very quick or slow. I had a subcutaneous tumor in my temple that visibly started to shrink within a week of receiving the infusion, before leaving the hospital (my wife and I both notice but were almost afraid to admit to each other what we both saw), and was gone within five weeks, never to return. Another tumor on my internal chest wall took about 8 weeks and one lymph node was 90% dead tumor by the time it was removed surgically about 12 weeks later. None of those have ever returned and while I've since had additional metastases, they've been less aggressive than is typical for stage IV melanoma and occurred in ways that we've been able to tactically address them.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            Response rates can be upwards of the 50% range, and can be very durable, with some patients who received the therapy 10+ years ago still having NED status. Especially because of the IL-2, the treatment can be difficult, so some of the sickest patients may be ineligible for TIL therapy. Newer efforts to eliminate IL-2 from the process may help with this. Additionally, some new trials are investigating using T-cells from the blood stream (instead of from a resected tumor) to grow the batch of cells to be reinfused, which would eliminate the requirement for a resectable tumor. And while the TIL trials have been predominately focused on melanoma, the research is expanding to other advanced metastatic cancers.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            As with a more detailed description of IL-2, my personal TIL experience could fill many other posts. While it's the hardest thing I've ever been through, it's also why I'm still here today, not cured or even NED (I've been close), but still in the fight, almost four years in.
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            Marianne quinn
                                                                                                                            Participant

                                                                                                                              What doesTIL stand for? What is the process? Sorry to be so uninformed. Thanks

                                                                                                                              RJoeyB
                                                                                                                              Participant

                                                                                                                                One quick note to my prior post…  some newer trials for TIL, including at least one at NIH, do not require a round of IL-2 to be administered after infusion of the TIL cells.

                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                              RJoeyB
                                                                                                                              Participant
                                                                                                                                Specifically with regard to the few posts about TIL, and speaking from my own very similar experience, TIL not only requires a resectable tumor that can be harvested as a source for the cells, they also require an additional tumor as *measurable* disease — at least they did when I was in the trial at NIH/NCI in 2010-11.  So, while the 3-cm liver tumor is probably large enough, as Nadia stated it might be hard to remove surgically.  And bone mets are not typically considered to be measurable from a trial perspective.  At first it doesn't make sense when you hear that a bone met isn't measurable, but it's more of a clinical term.  For the trial, they need to be measurable so they can see if there is a response to the treatment.  While an MRI clearly shows a bone tumor (I've had 6 and seen every one :-(, even if there is a response, the appearance of a bone met may not change much on MRI.  A PET would show a decrease in SUV (a relative measure of the metabolic activity), but that is not a dimensional measurement.
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                In my TIL trial, my original primary lesion (cutaneous on back) was harvested and even though I, too, had a bone met in my humerus, it couldn't be used as the measurable site (or the resectable tumor).  Instead, I also had a malignant lymph node in my underarm that was used.
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                Brian linked to a trial that may not require a resectable tumor, in which case, the liver met could probably serve as the measurable site.  These trials that don't require a cell harvest from a tumor take various approaches to obtain the cells.  Always leukapheresis to start, then either selecting very specific T-cells and growing the additional cells directly, or first performing genetic modifications to those cells before growing the new ones.
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                It can be a double-edged sword with a trial that has this sort of requirement.  If you have few mets that don't met the requirement of having one resectable lesion and a separate measurable site, you don't want to hope for another tumor so you can get into a trial, right?  So that can contribute to some of the criticism about "patient selection" with TIL.  I know there's other criticism about selection, too, and I don't know if your adrenal insufficiency would present a problem qualifying for a TIL trial.  Remember that TIL includes a round of IL-2.
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                I'm sorry to hear that you received this news about the new liver met.  I think you're getting some great advice here, though, and think you have several strong options available to you.  How did your shoulder MRI go?  Have you talked with your doctors about any need for surgical intervention there?
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